Full text of "SAE J1703: Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid"

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By Authority Of

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Legally Binding Document

By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE : Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

Document Name: SAE J 1703: Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid

CFR Section(s): 49 CFR571.116 S6.5.4.1

Standards Body: Society for Automotive Engineering

22.40

MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE FLUID—
SAE J 1703 NOV83

SAE Standard

Report of the Nonmetallic Materials Committee, approved December 1946, last revised by the Hydraulic Brake Systems Actuating Committee, November
1983.

/. Type — These specifications cover motor vehicle brake fluids of the
non-petroleum type for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle
such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended
for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in brak-
ing systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from natural rubber
(NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, pro-
pylene, and a diene (EPDM).

2. Material — The quality of the materials used shall be such that the
resulting product will conform to the requirements of these specifications
and insure uniformity of performance.

3. Requirements

3.1 Equilibrium Reflux Boiling Point — Brake fluid when tested by
the procedure specified in paragraph 4.1 shall have an equilibrium reflux
boiling point not less than 205°C (401°F).

3.2 Viscosity — Brake fluid when tested by the procedure specified
in paragrah 4.2 shall have the following kinematic viscosities:

(a) At -40°C (-40°F)— Not more than 1800 cSt (1800 mrnVs).

(b) At 100°C (212°F)— Not less than 1.5 cSt (1.5 mrnVs).

3.3 pH Value — Brake fluid, when tested by the procedure specified
in paragraph 4.3, shall have a pH value not less than 7, nor more than
11.5.

3.4 Fluid Stability

(a) High Temperature Stability — When tested by the procedure speci-
fied in paragraph 4.4(a), the equilibrium reflux boiling point of the brake
fluid shall not change by more than 5°C (9°F) increase or decrease.

(b) Chemical Stability — When tested by the procedure specified in para-
graph 4.4(b), the test fluid mixture shall show no chemical reversion as
evidenced by a change in recorded temperature of more than 5°C (9°F)
increase or decrease.

3.5 Corrosion — Brake fluid, when tested by the procedure specified
in paragraph 4.5, shall not cause corrosion exceeding the limits shown
in Table 1. The metal strips outside of the area where the strips are in
contact shall neither be pitted nor roughened to an extent discernible
to the naked eye, but staining or discoloration is permitted.

The fluid-water mixtures at end of test shall show no jelling at 23 ±
5°C (73 ± 9°F). No crystalline type deposit shall form and adhere to
either the glass jar walls or the surface of metal strips. The fluid-water
mixture shall contain no more than 0.10% sediment by volume. The
fluid-water mixture shall have a pH value of not less than 7, nor more
than 11.5.

The rubber cup at end of test shall show no disintegration, as evidenced
by blisters or sloughing indicated by carbon black separation on the sur-
face of the rubber cup. The hardness of the rubber cup shall not decrease
by more than 15 deg and the base diameter shall not increase by more
than 1.4 mm (0.055 in).

3.6 Fluidity and Appearance at Low Temperatures

(a) At — 40°C (-40°F)— When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.6(a), the fluid shall show no stratification, sedi-
mentation, or crystallization. Upon inversion of sample bottle, the air
bubble shall travel to the top of the fluid in not more than 10 s. Cloudiness
is permissible, but on warming to room temperature 23 ± 5°C (73 ±
9°F) the fluid shall regain its original uniformity, appearance, and clarity.

(b) At -50°C (~58°F)— When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.6(b), the fluid shall show no stratification, sedi-
mentation, or crystallization. Upon inversion of sample bottle, the air
bubble shall travel to the top of the fluid in not more than 35 s. Cloudiness

TABLE 1— CORROSION TEST STRIPS AND WEIGHT CHANGES

Max Permissible

Weight Change,

Test Strip a

RMNo.

mg/cm 2 of Surface

Tinned Iron

0.2

Steel

0.2

Aluminum

0.1

Cast Iron

0.2

Brass

0.4

Copper

0.4

a Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096.

is permissible, but on warming to room temperature 23 ± 5°C (73 ±
9°F) the fluid shall regain its original uniformity, appearance, and clarity.

3.7 Evaporation — When brake fluid is tested by the procedure speci-
fied in paragraph 4.7, loss by evaporation shall not exceed 80% by weight.
Residue from the brake fluid after evaporation shall contain no precipitate
that remains gritty or abrasive when rubbed with the fingertip. Residue
shall have a pour point below — 5°C (+23°F).

3.8 Water Tolerance

(a) At — 40°C (— 40°F) — When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.8(a), the black contrast lines on a hiding power
chart shall be discernible when viewed through the fluid in the centrifuge
tube. The fluid shall show no stratification or sedimentation. Upon inver-
sion of the centrifuge tube, the air bubble shall travel to the top of the
fluid in not more than 10 s.

(b) At 60°C (140°F)— When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.8(b), the fluid shall show no stratification, and
sedimentation shall not exceed 0.05% by volume after centrifuging when
fluid is tested for qualification, or shall not exceed 0.15% by volume
for a commercial packaged fluid.

3.9 Compatibility

(a) At — 40°C (— 40°F) — When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.9(a), the black contrast lines on a hiding power
chart shall be discernible when viewed through the fluid in the centrifuge
tube. The fluid shall show no stratification or sedimentation.

(b) At 60°C (140°F)— When brake fluid is tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.9(b), the fluid shall show no stratification, and
sedimentation shall not exceed 0.05% by volume after centrifuging.

3.10 Resistance to Oxidation— Brake fluid, when tested by the pro-
cedure specified in paragraph 4. 10, shall not cause the metal strips outside
the areas in contact with the tinfoil to be pitted or roughened to an
extent discernible to the naked eye, but staining or discoloration is per-
mitted. No more than a trace of gum shall be deposited on the test strips
outside of the areas in contact with the tinfoil. The aluminum strips shall
not decrease in weight by more than 0.05 mg/cm 2 and the cast iron
strips shall not decrease in weight by more than 0.3 mg/cm 2 .

3.11 Effect on Rubber

(a) Rubber brake cups subjected to brake fluid as specified in paragraph
4.1 1(a), shall show no increase in hardness, shall not decrease in hardness
by m6re than 10 points, and shall show no disintegration as evidenced
by blisters or sloughing indicated by carbon black separation on the sur-
face of the rubber cup. The increase in the diameter of the base of the
cups shall not be less than 0,15 mm (0.006 in), nor more than 1.4 mm
(0.055 in).

(b) Rubber brake cups subjected to brake fluid, as specified in para-
graph 4.11(b), shall show no increase in hardness, shall not decrease in
hardness, by more than 15 points, and shall show no disintegration as
evidenced by blisters or sloughing indicated by carbon black separation
on the surface of the rubber cup. The increase in the diameter of the
base of the cups shall not be less than 0.15 mm (0.006 in), nor more
than 1.4 mm (0.055 in).

(c) Rubber slab stock subjected to brake fluid, as specified in paragraph
4.1 1(c), shall show no increase in hardness, shall not decrease in hardness
by more than 10 points, and shall show no disintegration as evidenced
by blisters or sloughing indicated by carbon black separation on the sur-
face of the test specimens. The test specimens shall not decrease in volume
and the increase in volume shall not exceed 10%.

(d) Rubber slab stock subjected to brake fluid, as specified in paragraph
4.1 1(d), shall show no increase in hardness, shall not decrease in hardness
by more than 15 points, and shall show no disintegration as evidenced
by blisters or sloughing indicated by carbon black separation on the sur-
face of the test specimens. The test specimens shall not decrease in volume
and the increase in volume shall not exceed 10%.

3.12 Stroking Test Procedure — Brake fluid, when tested by the pro-
cedure specified in paragraph 4.12, shall meet the following performance
requirements:

(a) Metal parts shall not show corrosion as evidenced by pitting to
an extent discernible to the naked eye, but staining or discoloration shall
be permitted.

(b) The initial diameter of any cylinder or piston shall not change by
more than 0.13 mm (0.005 in) during test.

22.41

and shall not be in an unsatisfactory operating condition as evidenced
by excessive amounts of scoring, scuffing, blistering, cracking, chipping
(heel abrasion), or change in shape from original appearance.

(d) The base diameter of the rubber cups shall not increase by more
than 0.9 mm (0.035 in).

(e) The average lip diameter interference set of the rubber cups shall
not be greater than 65%.

(f) During any period of 24 000 strokes, the volume loss of fluid shall
be not more than 36 mL.

(g) The cylinder pistons shall not freeze nor function improperly
throughout the test.

(h) The volume loss of fluid during the 100 strokes at the end of the
test shall not be more than 36 mL.

(i) The fluid at the end of the test shall not be in an unsatisfactory
operating condition as evidenced by sludging, jelling, or abrasive gritti-
ness, and sedimentation shall not exceed 1.5% by volume after centrifug-
ing.

(j) No more than a trace of gum shall be deposited on brake cylinder
walls or other metal parts during test. Brake cylinder shall be free of
deposits which are abrasive or which cannot be removed when rubbed
with a cloth wetted with isopropanol.

3.13 Wet Boiling Point — Brake fluid when tested by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.14, shall have a wet boiling point of not less
than 140°C (284°F).
4. Test Procedures
4.1 Equilibrium Reflux Boiling Point — Determine the equilibrium
reflux boiling point of the fluid by ASTM D 1120, Method of Test for
Boiling Point of Engine Antifreezes, 1 with the following exceptions:
Apparatus

3(d) Thermometer — ASTM E 1, 76 mm immersion, calibrated. Use
ASTM 3G or 3F thermometer. For fluids boiling below 300°C (572°F),
ASTM 2C or 2F thermometer may be used.

3(e) Heat Source — Use a suitable variac-controlled 100 mL heating
mantle designed to fit the flask, capable of supplying the heat required
to conform to the specified heating and reflux rates. (Supplier: GLAS
COL Apparatus Co., Terre Haute, IN. Serial number: 135464. 230 W,
135 V [max]).
Preparation of Apparatus

5(d)— Thoroughly clean and dry all glassware before use. Attach the
flask to the condenser. Place the mantle under the flask and support it
with a suitable ring clamp and laboratory type stand, holding the whole
assembly in place by a clamp.

Note: Place the whole assembly in an area free from drafts or other
types of sudden temperature changes.
Procedure

6(a) — When everything is in readiness, turn on the condenser water
and apply heat to the flask at such a rate that the fluid is refluxing in
10 ± 2 min at a rate in excess of 1 drop/s. Immediately adjust heat
input to obtain a specified equilibrium reflux rate of 1-2 drops/s over
the next 5 ± 2 min period. Maintain a timed and constant equilibrium
reflux rate of 1-2 drops/s for an additional 2 min; record the average
value of four temperature readings taken at 30 s intervals as the equilib-
rium reflux boiling point.

4.1.1 40 1 and 450°F (205 and 232°C) Fluids— Report the boiling point
to the nearest degree Fahrenheit (Celsius). Duplicate runs which agree
within 2°F (1°C) are acceptable for averaging (95% confidence level).

Repeatability (Single Analyst) — The standard deviation of results (each
the average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on different days,
has been estimated to be 0.88°F (0.4°C) at 72 deg of freedom. Two
such values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level) if they
differ by more than 2.5°F (1,5°C).

Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)— -The standard deviation of results
(each the average of duplicates), obtained by analysts in different laborato-
ries, has been estimated to be 3.02°F (1.8°G) at 17 deg of freedom.
Two such values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level)
if they differ by more than 9°F (5°G).

4.1.2 550°F (288°G) Fluid— Report the boiling point to the nearest
degree Fahrenheit (Celsius). Duplicate runs which agree within 5°F (3°C)
are acceptable for averaging (95% confidence level).

Repeatability (Single Analyst) — The standard deviation of results (each
the average of duplicates), obtained by one analyst on different days,
has been estimated to be 2.38°F (1.3°C) at 34 deg of freedom. Two
such values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level) if they
differ by more than 7°F (4°C).

Reproducibility (Multilaboratory) — The standard deviation of results

1 Published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,
Philadelphia, PA 19103.

(each the average of duplicates), obtained by analysts in different laborato-
ries, has been estimated to be 6.44°F (3.5°C) at 15 deg of freedom.
Two such values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level)
if they differ by more than 19°F (10.5°C).

4.2 Viscosity — Determine the kinematic viscosity of the fluid by
ASTM D 445. 1

4.2.1 Report the viscosity to the nearest centistoke (mm 2 /s). Duplicate
runs which agree within 1.2% relative are acceptable for averaging (95%
confidence level).

Repeatability (Single Analyst) — The coefficient of variation of results
(each the average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on different
days has been estimated to be 0.4% at 47 deg of freedom. Two such
values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level) if they differ
by more than 1.2%.

Reproducibility (Multilaboratory) — The coefficient of variation of results
(each the average of duplicates), obtained by analysts in different laborato-
ries has been estimated to be 1.0% at 15 deg of freedom. Two such
values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level) if they differ
by more than 3.0%,

4.3 pH Value— Mix the fluid with an equal volume of an 80% etha-
nol — 20% distilled water mixture neutralized to a pH of 7. Determine
the pH of the resulting solution electrometrically at 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ±
9°F), using a pH meter equipped with a calibrated full range (0-14) glass
electrode and a calomel reference electrode, as specified in ASTM D
664.

4.4 Fluid Stability

(a) High Temperature Stability— Heat a new sample of the original
test brake fluid to a temperature of 185 ± 2°G (365 ± 3.6 6 F) by the
procedure specified in paragraph 4.1 and maintain at that temperature
for 2 h. Then determine the boiling point of this brake fluid as specified
in paragraph 4.1. The difference between this observed boiling point
and that previously determined in paragraph 4.1 shall be considered as
the change in boiling point of the brake fluid.

(b) Chemical Stability— Mix 30 mL of fluid with 30 mL of SAE Compati-
bility Fluid described in Appendix A. Determine the equilibrium reflux
boiling point of this fluid mixture by use of the test, apparatus specified
in paragraph 4.1, applying heat to the flask at such a rate that the fluid
is refluxing in 10 ± 2 min at a rate in excess of 1 drop/s. The reflux
rate shall not exceed 5 drops/s. Record the maximum fluid temperature
observed during the first minute after the fluid begins refluxing at a rate
in excess of 1 drop/s. Over the next 15 ± 1 min, adjust and maintain
the rate of reflux to 1-2 drops/s. Maintain a timed and constant equilib-
rium reflux rate of 1-2 drops/s for an additional 2 min; record the average
value of four temperature readings taken at 30 s intervals as the final
equilibrium reflux boiling point. Chemical reversion is evidenced by the
decrease in temperature between the maximum fluid temperature re-
corded and the final equilibrium reflux boiling point.

4.5 Corrosion — Prepare two sets of strips from each of the metals
listed in Table 1, each strip having a surface area of 25 ± 5 cm 2 (approxi-
mately 8 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, and not more than 0.6 cm thick). Drill
a hole between 4 and 5 mm in diameter and about 6 mm from one
end of each strip. With the exception of the tinned iron strips, clean
the strips by abrading them on all surface areas with 320A and 400A </>
waterproof carborundum paper and isopropanol until all surface
scratches, cuts, and pits are removed from the strips, using a new piece
of carborundum paper for each different type of metal. Wash the strips, <f>
including the tinned iron, with isopropanol and dry the strips with a
clean lint-free cloth and place strips in a desiccator containing. desiccant
maintained at 23 ± 5°G (73.4 ± 9°F) for at least 1 h. Handle the strips
with clean forceps after polishing to avoid fingerprint contamination.

Weigh each strip to the nearest 0.1 mg and assemble each set of strips
on an uncoated steel bolt in the order tinned iron, steel, aluminum, cast
iron, brass, and copper, so that the strips are in electrolytic contact. Bend
the strips, other than cast iron, so that there is a separation of at least
3 mm between adjacent strips for a distance of about 6 cm from the
free end of the strips. Immerse strip assemblies in isopropanol to eliminate
fingerprints and then handle only with clean forceps.

Measure the base diameter of two standard SBR cups, described in
Appendix B, using an optical comparator or micrometer to the nearest
0.02 mm (0.001 in) along the centerline of the SAE and rubber type
identifications and at right angles to this centerline. Take the measure-
ments within 0.4 mm (0.015 in) of the bottom edge and parallel to the
base of the cup. Discard any cup if the two measured diameters differ
by more than 0.08 mm (0.003 in). Average the two readings of each
cup. Support the rubber cup on a rubber anvil or cylinder having a flat
circular top surface at least 19 mm in diameter, a thickness of at least 9
mm, and a hardness within 5 IRHD of the hardness of the rubber test
cup. Determine the hardness of each cup thus supported by the procedure

22.42

specified in ASTM D 1415, Method of Test for International Hardness
of Vulcanized Natural and Synthetic Rubbers, 1 using the Standard Tester.
(Note: ASTM D 2240, Method of Test for Indentation Hardness of Rubber
and Plastics by Means of a Durometer, 1 may be used for quality control
and routine tests when a type A durometer is equipped with a fixture
for keeping the plane of the pressure foot on the durometer parallel to

► the plane of the cup face during measurement.) Obtain two straight-sided
round glass jars, having a capacity of approximately 475 mL and inner
dimensions of approximately 100 mm in height and 75 mm in diameter.
Grind the lip of each jar flat with the use of 400A waterproof carborundum
paper and a flat surface as required to insure proper sealing. Place one

► rubber cup with lip edge facing up, in each of the two glass jars. 2 Use

► only tinned steel lids vented with a hole 0.8 ± 0.1 mm in diameter. Place
a teflon disc seal with a hole diameter slightly larger than the hole in
the tinned steel lid in each lid. Insert a metal strip assembly inside each
cup with the bolted end in contact with the concavity of the cup and
the free end extending upward in the jar. Mix 760 mL of fluid with 40
mL of distilled water.

Add a sufficient amount of the mixture to cover the metal strip assembly
in each jar to a depth of approximately 10 mm above the tops of the
strips. Tighten the lids and place the jars in an oven maintained at 100
± 2°G (212 ± 3.6 6 F) for 120 ± 2 h. Allow the jars to cool at 23 ± 5°C
(73.4 ± 9°F) for 60-90 min. Immediately following the cooling period,
remove the metal strips from the jars by use of a forceps, removing loose
adhering sediment by agitation of the metal strip assembly in the fluid
in jar. Examine test strips and test jars for adhering crystalline deposit,
disassemble the metal strips, remove, adhering fluid by flushing with water,
and clean individual strips by wiping with a cloth wetted with isopropanol.
Examine the strips for evidence of corrosion and pitting. Place strips in
a desiccator containing a desiccant maintained at 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ± 9°F)
for at least 1 h. Weigh each strip to the nearest 0.1 mg. Determine the
difference in weight of each metal strip and divide the difference by the
total surface area of the metal strip measured in square centimeters. Aver-
age the measured quantities of the duplicates. In the event of a marginal
pass on inspection, or of a failure in only one of the duplicates, another
set of duplicate test samples shall be run. Both repeat samples must meet
all the requirements of paragraph 3.5.

Immediately following the cooling period, remove the rubber cups from
the jars by use of a forceps, removing loose adhering sediment by agitation
of the cup in the fluid in jar. Rinse clips in isopropanol and air dry cups.
Examine the cups for evidence of sloughing, blisters, and other forms
of disintegration. Measure the base diameter and hardness of each cup
within 15 min after removal from the fluid.

Examine the fluid-water mixture in the jars for jelling. Agitate the fluid
in jars to suspend and uniformly disperse sediment and transfer a 100
mL portion of this fluid to an ASTM cone-shaped centrifuge tube and
determine percent sediment as described in paragraph 5(b) of ASTM D
9 1. 1 Measure the pH value of the corrosion test fluid by the procedure
specified in paragraph 4.3.

4.6 Fluidity and Appearance at Low Temperatures

(a) At -40°C (-40°F)— Place 100 mL of the test fluid in a glass sample
bottle 3 having a capacity of approximately 125 mL, an outside diameter
of 37 ± 0.5 mm, and an overall height of 165 ± 3 mm. Stopper or cap
the bottle tightly and place in a cold bath maintained at —40 ± 2 Q C
(—40 ± 3.6°F) for 144 ± 4 h. Remove the bottle from the bath, quickly
wipe the bottle with a clean lint-free cloth saturated with isopropyl alcohol,
and examine the fluid for evidence of stratification, sediment, or crystals.
Invert the bottle and determine the number of seconds required for the
air bubble to travel to the top of the fluid, Allow the fluid to Warm to
room temperature 23 ± 5°C (73 ± 9°F), if necessary allow to stand for
as long as 4 h. Examine the fluid for clarity and appearance by comparing
it to an original sample of the test fluid in art identical container.

(b) At — 50°C (-58°F)— Place 100 mL of fluid in a glass sample bottle
(same as in — 40°F test above). Stopper or cap the bottle tightly and
place in a cold bath maintained at -50 ± 2°C (-58 ± 3.6°F) for 6 ±
0.2 h. Remove the bottle from the bath, quickly wipe the bottle with a
clean lint-free cloth saturated with isopropyl alcohol, and examine the
fluid for evidence of stratification, sediment, of crystals. Invert the bottle
and determine the number Of seconds required for the air bubble to
travel to the top of the fluid. Allow the fluid to warm to room temperature
23 ± 5°C (73 ± 9°F), if necessary allow to stand for as long as 4 h.
Examine the fluid for clarity and appearance by comparing it to a sample
of the original test fluid in an identical container.

4.2 Evaporation— Obtain the tare weight of four covered Petri dishes

2 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

3 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

of approximately 100 mm in diameter and 15 mm high, weighing with
cover in place to the nearest 0.01 g. Place approximately 25 mL of fluid
in each of the four tared Petri dishes, replace^proper covers, and reweigh
to the nearest 0.01 g. Determine the weight of fluid from the difference
in weights of filled and empty dishes.

Place the dishes inside the inverted covers in a top vented gravity con-
vection oven at 100 ± 2°G (212 ± 3.6°F) and maintain this temperature
for a total of 168 ±2 h. <

Remove the dishes from the oven. Allow to cool to 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ±
9°F) with covers on and weigh each dish. Calculate the percentage of <
fluid evaporated from each dish. Average the percentage evaporated from
all four dishes to determine the loss by evaporation.

Examine the residue in the dishes at the end of 1 h at 23. ± 5°C
(73.4 ± 9°F). Rub any sediment with the fingertip to determine grittiness
or abrasiveness.

Combine the residue from the four dishes in an oil sample bottle, store
in a vertical position at -5 ± 1°C (23 ± 1.8°F) for 60 ± 10 min, then
remove quickly and turn to the horizontal. The residue must flow at
least 5 mm (0.2 in) along tube wall within 5 s.

4.8 Water Tolerance

(a) At -40°C (~40°F)— Pour 100 mL of fluid which has been humidified
according to paragraph 4.13 into an ASTM cone-shaped centrifuge tube
described in paragraph 3(a) in ASTM D 91. 1 Stopper the tube with a
cork and place in a cold bath maintained at -40 ± 2°C (-40 ± 3.6°F)
for 22 ± 2 h. Remove the centrifuge tube from the bath, quickly wipe
the tube with a clean lint-free cloth saturated with isopropanol, determine
the transparency of the fluid by placing the tube against a hiding power
test chart 4 and observing the clarity of the contrastlines on the chart
when viewed through the fluid. Examine the fluid for evidence of stratifica-
tion and sedimentation. Invert the tube and determine the number of
seconds required for the air bubble to travel to the top of the fluid.
(The air bubble shall be considered to have reached the top of the fluid
when the top Of the bubble reaches the 2 mL graduation of the centrifuge
tube.)

(b) At 60°C (140°F)— Place the centrifuge tube from paragraph 4.8(a)
in an oven maintained at 60 ± 2°C (140 ± 3.6°F) for 22 ± 2 h, Remove
the tube from the oven and immediately examine the contents for evidence,
of stratification. Determine percent sediment by volume as described in
paragraph 5(b) of ASTM D 91. * ,-

4.9 Compatibility

(a) At -40°C (-40°F)— Mix 50 mL of fluid with 50 mL of SAE Compati-
bility Fluid described in Appendix A and pour this mixture into an ASTM
cone-shaped centrifuge tube described in paragraph 3(a) in ASTM D
91 1 and stopper with a cork. Place centrifuge tube for 22 ± 2 h in a
bath maintained at -40 ± 2°C (-40 ± 3.6°F), Remove the centrifuge
tube from the bath, quickly wipe the tube with a clean lint-free cloth
saturated with isopropanol, determine the transparency of the fluid by
placing the tube against a hiding power test chart 4 and observing the
clarity of the contrast lines on the chart when viewed through the fluid.
Examine the fluid for stratification arid sedimentation.

(b) At 60°C ( 140°F)— Place the centrifuge tube mentioned in paragraph
4.9(a) in an oven maintained at 60 ± 2°C (140 ± 3.6°F) for 22 ± 2 h.
Remove the tube from the oven and immediately examine the contents
for evidence, of stratification. Determine percent sediment by volume as
described in paragraph 5(b) of ASTM D 91. 1

4.10 Resistance to Oxidation— Prepare two sets of aluminum and
cast iron test strips (as listed in Table 1) by the procedure specified in
paragraph 4.5. Weigh each strip to the nearest 0.1 mg arid assemble a
strip of each metal On ah uncoated steel bolt, separating the strips at
each end with a piece of tinfoil 5 (99.5% tin, 0.20% lead, max) approxi-
mately 12 mm square and between 0.02 and 0.06 mm in thickness.

Place 30 'it I mL of fluid in a small glass bottle approximately 120
mL in capacity. Add 60 ± 2 nig of reagent grade benzoyl peroxide and
1 .5 ± 0.05 niL distilled water to bottle. Stopper the bottle and shake
the contents, avoiding getting the solution oh the stopper. Place bottle
in an oven at 70 ± 2°C (158 ± 3.6°F) for 120 ± 10 min, shaking every
15 miri to effect solution of the peroxide. Remove the bottle from the
oven, do not disturb the stopper, and cool in air at room temperature
(23±5°C) for 2 h.

Place approximately V& section of a standard SBR cup described in
Appendix B in the bottom of each of two test tubes about 22 mm in

4 A suitable hiding power chart as described in ASTM D 344, Method of Test
for Relative Dry Hiding Power of Paints, published by the American Society for
Testing and Materials, or in Method 4112 of .Federal Test Method Standard No.
141, is obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Common-
wealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

5 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

22.43

diameter and 175 mm in length. Add 10 mL of prepared test fluid to
each test tube. Place a metal-strip assembly in each tube with the end
of the strips resting on the rubber, the solution covering about one-half
the length of the strips, and the bolted end remaining out of the solution.
Stopper the tubes with corks and store upright for 22 ± 2 h at 23 ±
5°C (73.4 ± 9°F). Loosen the stoppers and place the tubes for 168 ± 2
h in an oven maintained at 70 ± 2°C (158 ± 3.6°F). After the heating
period, remove and disassemble the metal strips. Examine the strips for
gum deposits. Wipe the strips with a cloth wet with isopropanol and
examine for pitting or roughening of surface. Place strips in a desiccator
containing a desiccant maintained at 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ± 9°F) for at least
1 h. Weigh each strip to the nearest 0. 1 mg.

Determine corrosion loss by dividing the difference in weight of each
metal strip by the total surface area of each metal strip measured in
square centimeters. Average the measured quantities of the duplicates.
In the event of a marginal pass on inspection, or of a failure in only
one of the duplicates, another set of duplicate test samples shall be run.
Both repeat samples must meet all the requirements of paragraph 3.10.
4. 1 1 Effect on Rubber — For test procedures (a) and (b), use standard
SBR cups described in Appendix B. Measure the base diameter of all
cups and hardness of all specimens as described in paragraph 4.5, discard-
ing any cups whose diameters differ by more than 0.08 mm (0.003 in).

For test procedures (c) and (d), cut 1 x 1 in test specimens from standard
EPDM slab stock, as described in Appendix D. Determine the volume
of each specimen in the following manner:

Weigh the specimen in air (Mi) to the nearest milligram and then weigh
the specimens immersed in room temperature distilled water (M 2 ) contain-
ing no more than 0.2% of a suitable wetting agent. Pluronic L-61 (BASF
Wyandotte) or equivalent has been found to be acceptable.

(a) Test at 70°C (158°F)— Place two standard SBR cups in a straight
sided round glass jar, 6 having a capacity of approximately 250 mL and
inner dimensions of approximately 1 25 mm in height and 50 mm in diame-
ter, and a tinned steel lid. Add 75 mL of fluid to the jar and heat for
70 ± 2 h at 70 ± 2°C (158 ± 3.6°F). Allow the jar to cool at 23 ± 5°C
(73.4 ± 9°F) for 60-90 min. Remove the cups from the jar, wash quickly
with isopropanol, and air dry cups. Examine the cups for disintegration
as evidenced by blisters or sloughing. Measure the base diameter and
hardness of each cup within 15 min after removal from the fluid.

(b) Test at 120°C (248°F)— Place two standard SBR cups in a straight
sided round glass jarVyhaving a capacity of approximately 250 mL and
inner dimensions of approximately 1 25 mm in height and 50 mm in diame-
ter, and a tinned steel lid. Add 75 mL of fluid to the jar and heat for
70 ± 2 h at 120 ± 2°C (248 ± 3.6°F). Allow the jar to cool at 23 ±
5°C (73.4 ± 9°F) for 60-90 min. Remove the cups from the jar, wash
quickly with isopropanol, and air dry cups. Examine the cups for disinte-
gration as evidenced by blisters or sloughing. Measure the base diameter
and hardness of each cup within 15 min after removal from the fluid.

(c) Test at 70°G (158°F)— Place two 1 x 1 in standard test specimens
in a straight sided round glass jar, 6 having a capacity of approximately
250 mL and inner dimensions of approximately 125 mm in height and
50 mm in diameter, and a tinned steel lid. Add 75 mL of fluid to the
jar. Heat the prepared glass jar for 70 ± 2 h at 70 ± 2°C (158 ± 3.6°F).
Allow the jar to cool to 23 ± 5°G (73.4 ± 9°F) for 60-90 min. Remove
the specimens from the jar, wash quickly with isopropanol, and air dry.
Examine the specimens for disintegration as evidenced by blisters or
sloughing. Weigh each specimen in air (M 3 ), again to the nearest milli-
gram, then reweigh immersed in room temperature distilled water (M 4 ),
to determine the volume after hot fluid immersion. Measure the hardness
of each specimen. All weighings must be completed within 60 min after
removal from the test fluid. Volume changes shall be reported as a percent-
age of the original volume, calculated as follows:

Percent volume change :

(M 3 ~ M 4 ) - (M t - M 2 ) X 100
(M t - M 2 )

where: Mi = Initial mass in air

M 2 = Initial mass in water

M 3 = Final mass in air

M 4 = Final mass in water
(d) Test at 120°C (248°F)~ Place two 1 x 1 in standard test specimens
in a straight sided round glass jar, 6 having a capacity of approximately
250 mL and inner dimensions of approximately 125 mm in height and
50 mm in diameter, and tinned steel lid. Add 75 mL of fluid to the jar.
Heat the prepared glass jar for 70 ± 2 h at 120 ± 2°C (248 ± 3.6°F).
Allow the jar to cool to 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ± 9°F) for 60-90 min. Remove
the specimens from the jar, wash quickly with isopropanol, and air dry.

6 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

Examine the specimens for disintegration as evidenced by blisters or
sloughing. Determine the volume change as in paragraph (c). Measure
the hardness of each specimen.

4,11.1 Report the rubber swell to the nearest 0.001 in (0.03 mm).
Duplicate results which agree within 0.004 in (0.10 mm) are acceptable
for averaging (95% confidence level).

Repeatability (Single Analyst) — The standard deviation of results (each
the average of duplicate determinations) obtained by the same analyst
on different days has been estimated to be 0.002 in (0.51 mm) at 46
deg of freedom. Two such values should be considered suspect (95%
confidence level) if they differ by more than 0.005 in (0.13 mm).

Reproducibility (MuUilaboratory) — -The standard deviation of results
(each the average of duplicates) obtained by analysts in different laborato-
ries has been estimated to be 0.003 in (0.08 mm) at 7 deg of freedom.
Two such values should be considered suspect (95% confidence level)
if they differ by more than 0.008 in (0.20 mm).

4.12 Stroking Test Procedure — Use the following procedure to eval-
uate the lubrication quality of the brake fluid.

4.12.1 Test Apparatus and Material 7 — Use the Fig. 2 stroking fixture
type apparatus with the following components arranged as shown in Fig.
1, The drum and shoe apparatus as described in SAE J 1703c may be
used as an alternative test system.

(a) Master Cylinder Assembly — One cast iron housing hydraulic
brake master cylinder having a diameter of approximately 28 mm (l l /a
in) and fitted with an uncoated steel standpipe. Master cylinder used is
SAE RM-15a 28 mm (1V6 in) diameter or equivalent.

(b) Brake Assemblies — Three cast iron housing straight bore hydrau-
lic brake wheel cylinder assemblies having a diameter approximately 28
mm (U/b in). Wheel cylinder used is SAE RM-14a or equivalent with
stroking fixture apparatus. Three fixture units are required, including
appropriate adapter mounting plates to hold the brake wheel cylinder
assemblies as shown in Fig. 2.

(c) Braking Pressure Actuating Mechanism— A suitable actuating
mechanism for applying a force to the master cylinder push rod without
side thrust.

The amount of force applied by the actuating mechanism shall be adjust-
able and capable of supplying sufficient stroke and thrust to the master
cylinder to create a pressure of at least 70 kg/cm 2 (1000 psi) in the simu-
lated brake system. A hydraulic gauge and pressure recorder capable of
establishing the pressure curve of the system and monitoring the pressure
developed shall be installed on a hydraulic line extending from the master
cylinder to the outside of the oven. This line shall be provided with a
shut-off valve and a bleeding valve for removing air from the connecting
tubing.

The actuating mechanism shall be designed to provide a stroking rate
of approximately 1000 strokes/h. The pressure buildup rate versus cylin-
der stroke and time shall correspond to Fig. 3.

(d) Heated Air Bath Cabinet — An insulated cabinet or oven having
sufficient capacity to house the three wheel cylinder fixture assemblies,
master cylinder, and necessary connections. A suitable thermostatically-
controlled heating system is required to maintain a brake fluid tempera-
ture of 120 ± 5°C (248 ± 9°F). Heaters shall be shielded to prevent
direct radiation to wheel or master cylinders. Fluid temperature shall
be monitored at random intervals during the test at the master cylinder
reservoir, using a temperature recording device.

4.12.2 Preparation of Test Apparatus

(a) Wheel Cylinder Assemblies — Use new wheel cylinder assemblies
SAE RM-14a or equivalent having diameters as specified in paragraph
4.12.1(b). Pistons (SAE RM-12 or equivalent) shall be made from unan-
odized SAE AA 2024 aluminum alloy. Disassemble cylinders and discard
rubber cups. Clean all metal parts with isopropanol and dry with clean
compressed air. Inspect the working surfaces of all metal parts for scoring,
galling, or pitting and cylinder bore roughness, and discard all defective
parts. Remove any stains on cylinder walls with crocus cloth and isopropa-
nol. If stains cannot be removed, discard the cylinder. Measure the internal
diameter of each cylinder at locations approximately 19 mm (0.75 in)
from each end of the cylinder bore, taking measurements in line with
the hydraulic inlet opening and at right angles to the center line. Discard
the cylinder if any of these four readings exceeds maximum or minimum
limits of 28.66-28.60 mm (1.1285-1, 126 in). Measure the outside diameter
of each piston at two points approximately 90 deg apart. Discard any
piston if either reading exceeds maximum or minimum limits of 28.55-
28.52 mm (1.124-1.123 in). Select parts to insure that the clearance be-
tween each piston and mating cylinder is within 0.08-0.13 mm (0.003-
0.005 in). Use new standard SAE RM-3 SBR cups as specified in Fig. 4

7 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

22.44

f~\

Air, or Hydraulic Actuator
\ prov/djm iooo strokes p£r hour.

FIG. 1— STROKING TEST APPARATUS

and Appendix B that are free of lint and dirt. Discard any cups showing
imperfections such as cuts, tooling marks, molding flaws, or blisters. Mea-
sure the lip and base diameters of all test cups with an optical comparator
or a micrometer to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.00 1 in) along the center
line of SAE and rubber type identifications and at right angles to this
center line. Determine base diameter measurements within 0.8 mm (0.032
in) of the bottom edge and parallel to the base of the cup. Discard any
cups if the two measured lip or base diameters differ by more than 0.08
mm (0.003 in). Average the lip and base diameters of each cup. Determine
the hardness of all cups by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.5.
Clean rubber parts with isopropanol and a lint-free cloth. Dry with clean
compressed air. Dip the rubber and metal parts of the wheel cylinders,
except housings* in the fluid to be tested and install them in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions. Rubber boots may be retained on the
cylinders if a small section is removed on the bottom to observe leakage.
Manually stroke the cylinders to insure that they operate easily. Install
cylinders in the simulated brake system.

(b) Master Cylinder Assembly— Use a new SAE RM- 15-02 master
cylinder or equivalent having an SAE RM- 13-02 aluminum alloy piston
or equivalent and new standard SAE RM-4 and RM-5 SBR cups as specified
in Figs. 5 and 6 and in Appendix B. Inspect and clean all parts as specified

in paragraph 4.12.2(a). Measure each land of the master cylinder piston
at two points approximately 90 deg apart. Discard the piston if any of
these readings exceed maximum or minimum limits of 28*55^28,52 mm
(1.124-1.123 in). Dip the secondary cup in the test brake fluid, assemble
on the piston, and maintain the assembly in a vertical position at 23 ±
5°C (73.4 ± 9°F) for at least 2 h. Determine the lip and base diameter
of the secondary cup as installed on the piston and the primary cup at
locations shown in Fig. 5. Inspect the relief and supply ports of the master
cylinder and discard the cylinder if these ports have burrs or wire edges.
Measure the internal diameter of the cylinder at two locations: approxi-
mately midway between the relief and supply ports and approximately
19 mm (0.75 in) beyond the relief port toward the bottom or discharge
end of the bore, taking measurements at each location on the vertical
and horizontal center lines of the bore. Discard the cylinder if any reading
exceeds maximum or minimum limits of 28.65-28.58 mm (1.128-1.125
in). Dip the rubber and metal parts of the master cylinder, except the
housing, in the fluid to be tested and install them in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions. Discard boot and push rod assembly. Manu-
ally stroke the master cylinder to insure that it operates easily. Install
the master cylinder in the simulated brake system.

22.45

FIG. 2— STROKING FIXTURE APPARATUS

FIG. 3— MASTER CYLINDER STROKE

22.46

meeting SAE J527. Tubing from one outlet of master cylinder to the
pair of wheel cylinders or to the single wheel cylinder shall alternately
be replaced with new tubing for each test (minimum length 915 mm (3
ft)). Uniformity in tubing size is desirable between master cylinder and
wheel cylinder; 6.3 mm i}A in) tubing is more adaptable with available
tube connectors. The standard SAE RM-15a master cylinder has two out-
lets for tubing, both of which should be used.

(d) Assembly and Adjustment of Test Apparatus — Install wheel and
master cylinders. Fill the system with test fluid, bleeding all wheel cylinders
and the pressure equipment and gauges to remove entrapped air from
the system.

Operate the actuator manually to apply a pressure of more than the
required operating pressure and inspect the system for leaks. Adjust the
actuator to obtain a pressure of 70 ± 3.5 kg/cm 2 (1000 ± 50 psi). Fig.
3 illustrates the pressure build-up versus the master cylinder piston move-
ment with the stroking fixture apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The
pressure is relatively low during the first part of the stroke and then
builds lip to 70 ± 3.5 kg/cm 2 (1000 ± 50 psi) at the end of the stroke
of approximately 25 mm (1 in). The pressure build-up rate versus cylinder
stroke and time shall correspond to Fig. 3. The wheel cylinder piston
travel is approximately 4.8 ± 0.25 mm (0.19 ± 0.01 in) when a pressure
of 70 ± 3.5 kg/cm 2 (1000 ± 50 psi) is reached. Adjust the stroking rate
to 1000 ± 100 strokes/h. Record the fluid level in the master cylinder
standpipe at 23 ± 5°G (73.4 ± 9°F) with the master cylinder piston in
the fully returned position.

4.12.3 Test Procedure— Run a pressure versus stroke curve utilizing
the pressure recorder at room temperature before stroking, after the
fluid is at the test temperature, before shutdown at the test temperature
and at room temperature after stroking. Operate the system of 16 000, ±
1000 cycles at 23 ± 5°C (73.4 ± 9°F).. Repair any leaks and add fluid
to the master cylinder standpipe to bring the fluid level to the level origi-
nally recorded at room temperature with the piston fully returned.

Start test again and raise the temperature of the fluid in the master
cylinder within 6 ± 2 h to 120 ± 5°C (248 ± 9°F). During test, observe
operation of the master cylinder for complete piston return and wheel
cylinders for proper operation. Observe fluid level in relation to the room
temperature level at random intervals. Continue the test to 85 000 total
recorded strokes which shall include the number of strokes during opera-
tion at 23 ± 5°G (73.4 ± 9°F), the number of strokes required to bring
the system to the operating temperature of 120 ± 5°G (248 ± 9°F),
plus the number of strokes at this operating temperature. Stop the test,
and with the master cylinder piston in the fully returned position to relieve
retained pressure in the system, allow the equipment to cool to room
temperature.

Record the amount of fluid required to replenish any loss of fluid to
the 23 + 5°C (73.4 ± 9°F) level originally recorded. Stroke the assembly
an additional 100 strokes at 23 cfc5°G (73.4 ± ^F) and 70 ± 3,5 kg/
cm 2 (1000 ± 50 psi), examine wheel cylinders for leakage, and add and
record volume of fluid required to bring the fluid level to the 23 ± 5 Q C
(73.4 ± 9°F) original level.

Within 16 h, remove the master and wheel cylinders from the system,
retaining the fluid in the cylinders by immediately capping or plugging
the ports. Disassemble the cylinders, collecting the fluid from the master
cylinder and wheel cylinders in a glass jar. Record any sludge, jell, or
abrasive grit present in the test fluid. When collecting the stroked fluid,
all the residue which has deposited on the rubber and metal internal

parts should be removed by rinsing and agitating such parts in the stroked
fluid and using a soft brush to assure that all loose adhering sediment
is collected.

Glean rubber cups in isopropanol and dry with clean, compressed air.
Inspect cups for tackiness, scoring, scuffing, blistering, cracking, chipping,
(heel abrasions), and change in shape from original appearance. Within
1 h after disassembly, measure the lip and base diameter of each cylinder
cup by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.12.2(b) with the exception
that the lip or base diameters of cups may differ by more than 0.08 mm
(0.003 in). Determine the hardness of each cup by the procedure specified
in paragraph 4.5.

Within 1 h after draining cylinders, agitate fluid in glass jar to suspend
and uniformly disperse sediment and transfer a 100 mL portion of this
fluid to an ASTM cone-shaped centrifuge tube and determine percent
sediment as described in paragraph 5(b) of ASTM D 91. Inspect cylinder
parts, recording any gum deposits. Rub any deposits adhering to cylinder
walls with a cloth wetted with isopropanol to determine abrasiveness and
removability. Clean cylinder parts in isopropanol and dry with compressed
air, and inspect for pitting and scoring on pistons and cylinder walls.
Measure and record diameters of pistons and cylinders by the procedures
specified in paragraphs 4.12.2(a) arid 4 12.2(b).

Calculate lip diameter interference set by the following formula:

D1-D2
Dx-Dg

X 100 — % Lip Diameter Interference Set

where: Di^ Original lip diameter
D 2 = Final lip diameter
D3 = Original cylinder bore diameter

Repeat the test if mechanical failure occurs that may affect the evaluation
of the test fluid.

4.13 Humidification Procedure — Lubricate the ground-glass joint
of a 250 mm (9.89 in) I.D. bowl-form desiccator having matching tubulated
glass cover and fitted with a No. 8 rubber stopper. Pour 450 ± 10 mL
(15.21 ± 0.39 oz) of distilled water into the desiccator and insert a perfo-
rated porcelain plate (Coors No. 18-L or equivalent). Immediately place
one open RM-49 corrosion test jar 7 containing 150 ± 5 mL of the test
brake fluid into the desiccator. Replace desiccator cover and insert at
once into an ASTM E 145, Type II A, forced ventilation oven set at 50 ±
1°C (122 ± 1.8°F). Place an identical desiccator set up having a jar
of TEGME (methylene glycol monomethyl ether, brake fluid grade — Ap-
pendix E) in the oven at the same time. The water content of TEGME
control fluid at the start of exposure shall have been adjusted to 0.50
± 0.05% by weight (Karl Fischer analysis or equivalent).

Periodically during overT humidification; remove the rubber stopper
front the desiccator containing the control fluicj. Using a long needle
hypodermic syringe^ quickly sample the jar and cjetermihe its water con-
sent. When the water content of the control fluid has reached 3.70 ±
0.05% by weight, remove desiccator containing the test fluid at once
from the oven Arid seal the test jar promptly using a screw-cap jar lid
(RM-63). 7 Allow the sealed jar to cool for 60-90 min at 23 ± 5°C
(73.4 ±9 6 F).

4.14 Wet Boiling Point— Humidify the fluid as described in para-
graph 4.13 and determine the boiling point as described in paragraph
4.1.

APPENDIX A-

This fluid is a blend of four proprietary polyglycol brake fluids of fixed
composition, in equal parts by volume. The four fluids selected comprise
three factory-fill and one aftermarket fluid, as follows:

SAE RM-66-03 COMPATIBILITY FLUIDS

DOW HD50-4 DOW 455

Delco Supreme II Olin HDS-79

8 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. - - 1

22.47

Bl, Formulation of Rubber Compound

APPENDIX B— STANDARD STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) BRAKE CUPS
FOR TESTING SAE MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE FLUIDS

Ingredient

Parts by Weight

SBR type 1503*

100

Oil furnace black (NBS 378)

Zinc oxide (NBS 370)

Sulfur (NBS 371)

0.25

Stearic acid (NBS 372)

n-tertiary butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (NBS 384)

Symmetrical-dibetanaphthyl-p-phenylene diamine

1.5

Dicumyl peroxide (40% on precipitated CaC0 3 ) b

4.5

Total

153.25

ASTM

Property

Requirement

Method

Hardness

63 ±3

D 1415 or

Tensile strength

17.5 MPa

D 2240
D 412

Ultimate elongation

(2500 psi, min)
350%, min

D 412

Tensile strength after 70 h at 125°C (257°F)

30% decrease, max

D 865

Ultimate elongation after 70 h at 125°C (257°F)

50% decrease, max

D 865

Hardness after 70 ri at 125°C (257°F)

to 10 increase

D 865

Compression set after 22 h at 125°C (257°F)

15 to 20%

D 395

Brittleness temperature

-40°C (-40°F), max

(Method B)
D 746

B4. Brake Cups Prepared From Rubber Compound— Brake cups shall be
prepared from the rubber compound by vulcanization under the condi-

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
TOLERANCES ON DIMENSIONS*
ARE: LINEAR ±0.250 (+0.010)

ANGULAR +y°

4.000(0.158)

2.700
2.400
0.

/ 0I06 \ J

\ 0.094/"~ , |

0.400 / Q.QI6 \ |

°- 00 9_ S9-9°9,_L\

28.000 '/U0g\
27.700 UA \I.09I DIA ,T

3.000 / O.I20 \
2.500 V0.098^

8.000 / 0.3I5 \
7.500 \ 0.295/ '

-BASE TO BE FLAT OR
CONCAVE NOT OVER
0.150 (0.006)

SMOOTH FINISH ALL OVER. CUP TO BE
FREE OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
AND MOLDING IMPERFECTIONS

ALL FLASH MUST BE
REMOVED FROM EDGE
OF CUP. SHARP CORNER
DESIRED.

30.500

3.300(0.130)
1.500 R (0.059R)

0.500 ^ LAI \or

35°

1020/

MOLD

IDENTIFICATION
MOLD CAVITY
NUMBER

LETTERS AND
NUMBERS

APPROX. 0.4 (0.015)

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE DIA
TO BE CONCENTRIC
WITHIN 0.500 FIR.
(0.020 FIR.)

^DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS;
INCHES IN ( )

tions required to obtain the properties given in the preceding paragraph.
The dimensions of the cups shall be suitable for the brake cylinders used
to determine simulated service performance by procedure in paragraph
4.12. Gups may be used for testing brake fluids within 36 months from
date of manufacture when stored in the dark at ambient temperatures
not exceeding 38°C (100°F) and adequately protected from atmospheric
and other contaminants. After removal of cups from storage, they shall
be conditioned base down on a flat surface for at least 12 h at room
temperature in order to allow cups to reach their true configuration before
measurement. Standard brake cups conforming to Figs. 4-6 may be ob-
tained from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Common-
wealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

_) must have properties identical with those supplied

Note: The ingredients labeled (NBS _
by the National Bureau of Standards.
a Philprene 1503 has been found suitable.
b Use only within 90 days of manufacture and store at temperature below 27°C (80°F).

B2. Procedure for Mixing Rubber Compound—The rubber compound
shall be mixed in accordance with the procedure given in ASTM D 3185 1
for Formula 2B.

B3. Properties of Rubber Compound— Vulcanizates cured for 12 min at
180°G (356°F) by the procedure described in ASTM D 3182 2 shall meet
the following requirements:

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
TOLERANCES ON DIMENSIONS*
ARE: LINEAR ±0.250 (+0.010)

ANGULAR +

6 GROOVES EQUALLY SPACED

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE DIAMETERS
MUST BE CONCENTRIC
WITHIN 0.250 (0.010)-

19.000 R (0.748 R)

.750 / 0.187 ^
,500V0.I77/*

2.250(0.089)

DIA

1.000 / 0.039 \

0.650^0.026/

MOLD IDENTIFICATION: SAE-SBR^
MOLD CAVITY NUMBER
LETTERS AND NUMBERS
APPROX. 0.4 (0.015)

2.600 / 0. 1 02 \
2. 1 00 1 0.083/

28.300

DIA
/l.JI4\

1.500(0.06) R

CUP TO BE THIS
DIMENSION WHEN
INSERTED IN A RING
GAUGE OF 28.600-
28.650 DIA (I.I25-U28 DIA)

^.500 / 0, I00 \

2.250 \0.089/

2 .500 / 0. 1 00 \

/" 2.250\0.089/

SMOOTH FINISH ALL OVER. CUP TO
BE FREE OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
AND MOLDING IMPERFECTIONS.

^DIMENSIONS ARE JN MILLIMETERS;
INCHES IN ( )

ALL FLASH MUST BE REMOVED-
FROM EDGE OF CUP. SHARP
CORNERS DESIRED.

FIG. 5— SAE TEST CUP— PRIMARY MASTER CYLINDER

MOLD IDENTIFICATION

la) SAE SBR

|b| MOLD CAVITY NUM8ER
AND DATE

lc| LETTERS & NUMBERS
APPROX 250 |0 0101

- 30.000/1.1 81 \-
DIA. \DIA.J

0.500R MAX.(o.020^

NOTE: (a) SMOOTH FINISH ALL OVER. CUP TO B
FREE OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
AND MOLDING IMPERFECTIONS.

lb) DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
INCHES IN | |

Id UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
TOLERANCES ON DIMENSIONS
ARE: LINEAR ±0250 (±0.010)
ANGULAR ±%'

- ALL FLASH MUST BE REMOVED
FROM EDGE OF CUP. SHARP
CORNER DESIRED

-0.250 R MAX (O.OIO)

feL,,

25Or(o.0I0r)

FIG. 4— SAE TEST CUP WHEEL CYLINDER

FIG. 6— SAE TEST CUP— SECONDARY MASTER CYLINDER

22.48

APPENDIX C— STANDARD CORROSION TEST STRIPS 9

Corrosion
Test Strip

Material
' Specification

General Material Data

Dimensions

Surface Requirements

Tinned iron

Steel
Aluminum
Cast iron

Brass
Copper

ASTM A 624,
Federal Specification
QQ-T-425A

SAE 1018
SAEAA2024

SAE G3000

SAE CA260 >
SAE CA114

SR tin plate electrolytic, bright:
No. 25, type MR
Temper 3, base weight 85 lb
Ferrostand and DOS oil

Low carbon sheet
Cold rolled
Hardness: 40-72 RB

Wrought aluminum alloy

Temper T3

Hardness: 75 RB typical

Soft automotive cast iron. Must be free from
shrinkage cavities, porosity, or any other defects
detrimental to specification use of the material.
Hardness: 86-98 RB

Wrought alloy — yellow brass

Rolled sheet or strip; half hard temper

Hardness: 57-74 RB

Cold rolled copper sheet or strip
Half-hard temper
Hardness: 35-56 RB

Approx, 8 cm long; 1.3 cm wide
Thickness: As purchased
Surface area: 25 ± 5 cm 2

Approx. 8 cm long,- 1.3 cm wide
Thickness: Approx. 0.2 cm
Surface area: 25 ± 5 cm 2

Approx. 8 cm long; 1.3 cm wide
Thickness: Approx. 0.2 cm
Surface area: 25 ± 5 cm 2

Approx. 8 cm long; 1 .3 cm wide
Thickness: Approx. 0.4 cm
Surface area: 25 ± 5 cm 2

Approx. 8 cm long; 1 .3 cm wide
Thickness: Approx. 0.2 cm
Surface area: 25 ± 5 cm 2

As sheared. Clean and uniform tinning.

Edges machined to remove shearing marks.
Clean uniform surfaces.

Surface grind 4 sides to dimension using a
well-dressed No. 80 Alundum wheel. Clean
uniform surfaces.

Edges machined to remove shearing marks.
Clean uniform surfaces.

Notes: Drill hole between 4 and 5 mm in a diameter and approximately 6 mm from one
end of each strip. Holes to be clean and free from burrs.

9 Obtainable from the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

Hardness ranges are commercial for the designated metals. Hardness is not specified for the
tinned iron because it is not considered a practical requirement.

APPENDIX D— STANDARD ETHYLENE, PROPYLENE, AND DIENE
(EPDM) TERPOLYMER RUBBER SLABSTOCK (KM-69)

Dl. Formulation of Rubber Compound

Ingredient

Parts by Weight

EPDM type (horde! 1320) a

100

Zinc oxide (NBS 370)

Oil furnace black {NBS 378)

Polymerized 1 ,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline

Dicumyl peroxide (40% on precipitated CaC0 3 ) b

Total

160

Note: The ingredients labeled (NBS ) must have properties identical with those supplied

by the National Bureau of Standards.
*E. I. DuPont Nordel EPDM 1320.
b Use only withip 90 days of manufacture and store at a temperature below 27 C (80 F).

D2. Procedure for Mixing Rubber Compound— -The rubber compound
shall be mixed in accordance with the procedures given in ASTM D 3182.

D3. Properties of Rubber Compound — Vulcanizates cured for 25 min at
175°C (347°F) by the procedure described in ASTM D 3182 shall meet
the following requirements:

Property

Requirement

ASTM Method

Hardness, IRHD

70±3

D 1415

Tensile strength, min

13.8 MPa,

(2000 psi)
225%

D412

Ultimate elongation, min

D 412

Tensile strength, decrease after 22 h at 175°C

(347° F), max

15%

D865

Ultimate elongation, decrease after 22 h at 175°C

(347° F), max

30%

D 865

Hardness, increase after 22 h at 175°C

(347°F)

to 10

D865

Compression set after 22 h at 175°C (347° F),

20% max

D 395 (Method B)

Brittleness temperature, max

-65°F

D746

D4. Slabstock Prepared From Rubber Compound — Test slabs approxi-
mately 150 x 150 x 1.9 mm = (6 x 6 x 0.075 in) shall be prepared from
the rubber compound by vulcanization under the conditions stated in
the previous paragraph. These slabs may be used in testing brake fluids
within 36 months from their date of manufacture, when stored in the
dark at ambient temperatures not exceeding 38°G (100°F) and adequately
protected from atmospheric or other contaminants.

When stored at other than 23 ± 5°G (73.4 ± 9°F), the material shall
be allowed to stabilize at laboratory temperature prior to measurements.

APPENDIX E— TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL
ETHER (TEGME) BRAKE FLUID GRADE 10

Property

Requirement

Method

Assay

94 area %, min

Gas Chromatographic (GC)

Further; neither the material

analysis (see below)

preceding nor that following

TEGME through the column

shall exceed 4 area %

Water content

0.3% by weight, max

ASTM D 1364

Acidity

0.02 % by weight, max, as acetic acid

ASTM D 1613

Suspended matter

Substantially free i_

—

Appearance

Clear liquid; 100 APHA units, max

ASTM D 1209

ERBP

240°C (464° F), min

Paragraph 4.1 of SAE
Standard J1703f

10 Stabilized by addition of l A% by weight of 4,4' isopropylidene diphenol;

El. Gas Chromatographic Analysis— Analyze a representative sample us-
ing a Bendix Model 2200 dual column, programmed temperature gas
chromatograph, or equivalent instrument, with a thermal conductivity
detector and two 10 ft x Vb in Type 304 stainless steel columns packed
with 10% CARBOWAX 20M-terephthalic acid on Chromosorb T, 40-
60 mesh, as follows:

ELI Column Preparation— Use precleaned tubing or obtain two
10 ft lengths of Vb in 304 stainless steel tubing (0.02 in wall thickness)
and clean as follows:

(a) Rinse the tubing with 30 mL of concentrated nitric acid.
CAUTION— NITRIC ACID CAUSES SEVERE BURNS IF IT COMES

IN CONTACT WITH ANY PART OF THE BODY.

(b) Drain and rinse the tubing with distilled water; drain and rinse
with acetone; dry with nitrogen.

El. 1.1 Weigh 5 g of CARBOWAX 20M-terephthalic acid into a 400
mL beaker. Add 200 mL of methylene chloride and stir with a magnetic
stirrer until dissolved. Approximately 30 min will be required.

22.49

El. 1.2 Weigh 45 g of Chromosorb T, 40-60 mesh into a tared breaker
and transfer to a 500 mL rotary evaporating flask.

El. 1.3 Add the CARBOWAX 20M-TPA solution to the flask and mix
by gently swirling. If necessary, add additional methylene chloride to
form a wet slurry.

El. 1.4 Allow the slurry to stand for 10 min.

El. 1.5 Attach the flask to a rotary evaporator and apply vacuum slowly
while degassing. Set the pressure at approximately 100 mm Hg. Use dry
ice-acetorie traps to protect the vacuum source.
El. 1.6 Rotate the flask at 10 rpm.

El. 1.7 Protect the contents of the flask from extreme cold or heat by
means of a hot air gun (hair dryer at 50-60°C).

El .1.8 When all of the solvent has been removed, stop the evaporator
and allow the contents of the flask to return to room temperature.

Note: If a rotary evaporator is not available, satisfactory packing may
be prepared using the evaporating dish technique.

El. 1.9 Transfer the dried packing to a bottle having a volume about
twice the volume of the packing.

El. 1.10 Add 0.5% by weight of powdered graphite and mix thoroughly
until the mixture flows freely.

El. 1.11 Sieve the mixture using a combination of 30- and 60-mesh
screens. Retain the portion that passes through the 30-mesh and is re-
tained on the 60-mesh screen.

El. 1. 12 Using a funnel, pack the columns with approximately 7 g of
packing by gently tapping the side of the column with a suitable metal
rod. Do not add large quantities of packing to the funnel at one time.
El. 1.13 Condition the columns by programming from ambient tem-
perature to 200°G at 2°C/min and hold at 200°C for at least 4 h. Repeat-
edly inject a sample until a good baseline is obtained.

E1.2 Operating Parameters

Recorder
Chart speed
Temperatures column

Detector
Injection port
Carrier gas
Sample size
Total elution time

1 mV

0.5 in/min

150-225°C programmed at 6°C/min;

hold at 225°C for 30 min

260°C

230°C

Helium at 20 cc/min

1 fxL

45 min

El. 3 Procedure — Inject the sample into the chromatograph and ob-
tain the chromatogram using the parameters outlined in paragraph El. 2.

El. 3.1 Measure the areas of all component peaks using an electronic
integrator or a planimeter.

El. 3. 2 Calculate and report the area percent of methoxytriglycol. The
methoxytrigiycol elutes at about 15 min.

El. 3.3 Calculation

ATX 100

— = area percent methoxytriglycol

where: A = peak area for methoxytriglycol

D = total area, sum of all areas corrected for attenuation
T = attenuation for component peak
Reference

1. ASTM E 260-73 Standard Recommended Practice for General
Gas Chromatography Procedures.